MORE NEWS FROM EUROPE

Sixty-six people have been arrested in Spain in an operation against child pornography, police say. Officials said computers containing 48 million child pornography images and videos had been seized in the operation, which was co-ordinated by Interpol. Those arrested reportedly include doctors, lawyers and teachers. Officers are now trying to establish whether any of the suspects have themselves committed child abuse acts.

The investigation began in September after German police told Spanish police about several child-sex internet forums being accessed by individuals in Spain. Under Operation Penalty, which was co-ordinated by Interpol, Spanish police monitored 5,000 downloads of material from servers based in Germany. The investigation identified 85 suspects, most of whom are now in custody.

Police said that one of those arrested possessed the largest child pornography haul ever found on one person, a collection which needed 21 separate hard discs to house it. The operation was so large that it involved 300 specialist agents and covered 40 of Spain's 57 provinces.

More than 500 people are being targeted in an international operation to fight child pornography. Police in 12 countries from Uruguay to Switzerland are participating in the raids, aimed at child pornography on the internet, the Civil Guard say. Reports say more than 20,000 items -- including videos, photos and MP3 audio files -- were involved. Spanish Interior Minister Jose Antonio Alonso says more arrests could be made, the BBC's Danny Wood in Madrid reports. The operation follows a two-month investigation that uncovered some 900 locations where indecent material was stored on the internet.

It was prompted by a complaint to the police from a Spaniard who told the authorities he had seen graphic child pornography in an internet chatroom. Police monitored the site and listed more than 900 internet addresses logging on to the site over a period of two weeks. The Spanish news agency Efe reports that police seized video cameras, CDs, videos and photos as part of the raids. The agency reported that the images included "highly aggressive" depictions of very young children.

This week David Cameron reshuffled his Shadow Cabinet. Out went old faces like Francis Maude, in came fresh female faces -- like the Tories' first Muslim shadow minister, Sayeeda Warsi, one-time Tory candidate in Dewsbury. Warsi's promotion is a bold move by Cameron. It also reveals an intriguing dilemma in British politics: a dilemma that faces any party that wishes to be seen as socially liberal, such as Cameron's Tories. Or the Lib Dems or Labour. The problem is Warsi has illiberal views on homosexuality. In her last election leaflet she said this: "Labour has scrapped section 28 which was introduced by the Conservatives to stop schools promoting alternative sexual lifestyles such as homosexuality to children as young as seven years old... "

She went on angrily: "Labour reduced the age of consent for homosexuality from 18 to 16 allowing school children to be propositioned for homosexual relationships." She concluded: "I will campaign strongly for an end to sex education at seven years and [an end to] the promotion of homosexuality that undermines family life." Of course Sayeeda Warsi (pictured) is not the only Muslim with these trenchant views on gays. And herein lies the problem for any party that wants to promote Muslim MPs.

Four men have been found guilty of plotting to bomb London's transport network on 21 July 2005. Muktar Ibrahim, 29, Yassin Omar, 26, Ramzi Mohammed, 25, and Hussain Osman, 28, were convicted at Woolwich Crown Court of conspiracy to murder. The men had tried to detonate rucksacks laden with explosives on the Tube and a bus, killing themselves and passengers. But the bombs failed to go off sparing the city a repeat of the horrors of the 7/7 attacks, two weeks earlier.

The events of 21 July followed a fortnight of apprehension for Londoners and a period of high alert for emergency services. Widespread chaos and panic were brought to the capital, with the London transport network brought to a standstill. The jury heard the four defendants claimed the bombs covered in shrapnel were fakes, and their actions had been intended as a protest against the war in Iraq. After a six-month trial, the jury unanimously found Ibrahim, Omar, Mohammed and Osman guilty of conspiracy to murder. Jurors will continue their deliberations on the two other defendants, Manfo Kwaku Asiedu, 34, and Adel Yahya, 24, on Tuesday.

The judge, Mr Justice Fulford QC, has said he would accept a majority verdict of 10 to 2. The guilty four, who were all born in East Africa and came to the UK in the 1990s, stocked up on large quantities of hydrogen peroxide from hairdressing suppliers, ahead of 21 July 2005. Omar's eighth-floor flat in New Southgate, north London, was turned into a bomb factory. The devices -- to be carried in rucksacks -- were made of chapati flour and a similar hydrogen peroxide mixture used by the men behind the 7 July attacks in which 52 people died.

Mohammed targeted a train at Oval station in south London, Omar was on board a train at Warren Street in central London and Osman travelled on a Hammersmith and City line service to Shepherd's Bush in west London. Ibrahim, the prime mover in the conspiracy, boarded a bus in Shoreditch, east London. The jury heard that had the suicide bombs detonated properly, dozens of people would have been killed.

The attacks, and the subsequent escape of the four guilty men, sparked the UK's largest ever manhunt. Their movements were captured on thousands of hours of CCTV film, with seven hours worth proving to be crucial evidence. One of the plotters, Mohammed, left a suicide note intended for his girlfriend and their two young children urging them to "rejoice in happiness". He and Ibrahim -- who was believed to have undertaken jihadi training in Pakistan -- were captured a week later after armed police surrounded a flat in west London.

Omar was arrested in Birmingham after travelling there disguised as a woman in a burka, while Osman was detained in Rome and extradited back to Britain. But in their efforts to track down those behind the attempts, the police mistook an innocent man for one of the suspects. Jean Charles de Menezes, an electrician from Brazil, was shot dead at Stockwell Tube station a day after the failed attacks. It later emerged that the defendants had been photographed by police surveillance officers while on a 2004 camping trip in the Lake District.

The charity memorial concert for Diana, Princess of Wales was "the most perfect way of remembering her," Princes William and Harry have said. Prince William told the 63,000-strong crowd at London's Wembley Stadium his mother would have enjoyed the tribute.

Sunday's gig marked the life of Diana, who died in a 1997 Paris car crash, on what would have been her 46th birthday. Sir Elton John brought the concert to a close after sets by stars including Sir Tom Jones, Take That and Rod Stewart. Prince William and Prince Harry opened the six-hour show and returned to the stage at the end of Sir Elton's final set, praising the artists for an "incredible evening."

"Thank you to all of you who have come here tonight to celebrate our mother's life," Prince William said. "For us this has been the most perfect way to remember her, and this is how she would want to be remembered." Proceeds from the event, broadcast to 140 countries, go to charitable causes favoured by the princess. Prince William, 25, added that he hoped the show had raised "enough money to make a difference." The princes later mingled with the stars of the concert at the after-show party at Wembley Arena.

In a video tribute, ex-South African President Nelson Mandela had earlier praised Princess Diana's "energy, courage and selfless commitment" as he urged the crowd to "support the work that continues in her name." Former Prime Minister Tony Blair and ex-US President Bill Clinton were also among those who recorded video tributes to Diana. "I think that in William and Harry, the qualities that made Diana special live on," said Mr Blair.

Earlier in the concert Prince Harry paid tribute to fellow soldiers serving in Iraq. The 22-year-old was due to be deployed in Basra, in Iraq, this year, but military commanders decided it was too much of a risk. "I wish I was there with you. I'm sorry I can't be. But to you and everybody else on operations at the moment, we would both like to say 'stay safe'," he said.

Sir Elton, 60, who famously performed a reworked version of Candle in the Wind at Diana's funeral, opened the concert with a rendition of Your Song, performed in front of a giant photograph of Diana by Mario Testino. He was followed by '80s stars Duran Duran (pictured)MEMORIAO CONCERT , who played a trio of songs including Wild Boys -- which they dedicated to the princes -- and Rio, one of their mother's favourites. The English National Ballet -- of which Princess Diana was a patron -- brought a change of pace to the day, a reminder of the princess's love of ballet, while the theatrical theme continued later with a medley of hits from composer Andrew Lloyd Webber.

Status Quo, Sir Tom Jones, Will Young and Joss Stone all took to the stage in the afternoon. But rumours that Robbie Williams might join Take That on stage proved unfounded. Some of Princes William and Harry's favourites followed, including a poignant moment when P Diddy dedicated his track I'll Be Missing You to the princess. "Ten years ago, Princess Diana went to a better place," he said. "Today we celebrate her life and I dedicate this song to her."

The evening wrapped up with entertainment from comedian Ricky Gervais, who was forced to improvise when technical problems caused a minor delay to Sir Elton's closing set. Earlier, Prince Harry had made a joke at the expense of the Extras star, saying: "When William and I first had the idea, we forgot we would end up standing here desperately trying to think of something funny to say. "We'll leave that to the funny people -- and Ricky Gervais."

All 51 Indonesian airlines will be banned from flying to the European Union from next week after EU air safety experts deemed them to be unsafe, the European Commission said today. Experts decided on the ban, which includes national flag carrier Garuda (see picture), after a series of recent crashes in the Asian archipelago and Indonesian authorities' failure to give adequate safety assurances, an EU official said. The ban will become official on July 6, when the European Commission is due to update its list of airlines forbidden from entering EU skies in line with the air safety experts' recommendations.

Although no Indonesian airlines currently fly regularly to and from the EU, the ban could have a big impact on passengers travelling in Indonesia as the European summer holiday period gets underway.

Under European rules, passengers must be informed if an airline is on the list of banned carriers and can demand reimbursement or an alternative carrier for tickets bought in Europe for flights that do not enter EU skies. "Once more, the EU black list will prove to be an essential tool ... to prevent unsafe airlines from flying to Europe and to inform passengers travelling worldwide," EU Transport Commissioner Jacques Barrot said.

The European air safety experts deemed the ban to be necessary after finding "serious" failings in maintenance, operating, certification and administrative standards, an EU official said on condition of anonymity. Indonesian authorities also left repeated European requests for information unanswered until just before the experts met yesterday, but even then they could not answer basic questions like how many aircraft Indonesian carriers had, another EU official said.

A series of deadly accidents have fuelled concerns about the country's rapidly growing airline industry, which suffers from old planes, poor standards and insufficient investment in infrastructure, according to Indonesian experts. On Tuesday, Indonesian authorities grounded nine airlines which failed to improve their safety record. Few Indonesian airlines have flown regular flights in the past to Europe and Garuda stopped flights to EU countries "three or four months ago," according to European Commission spokesman for transport issues, Michele Cercone.

The air safety experts also decided to include the Ukrainian freight carrier Volare and the Angolan company TAAG Angola Airlines on the list of carriers banned from plying European skies. They increased however the number of aircraft in Pakistan International Airlines' fleet allowed to fly to Europe from seven to 19 of the carrier's 43 airplanes.

The Emperor Augustus said he found Rome a city of brick -- and he left it a city of marble. But 2,000 years on, the cracks in his legacy are beginning to show.

The Forum, the Colosseum and the palaces of the Palatine Hill still stand as proud testament to the Roman builders' genius. Yet today they are betrayed by monumental neglect. The problem of course is money. It costs millions to protect the treasures of Ancient Rome. Not to mention the funds needed to safeguard the newly discovered ruins, which in Rome they find practically every week. The budget from the Italian Culture Ministry doesn't even begin to cover it.

HONEYCOMB OF CAVITIES

One of the latest closures came in November 2005, when a 16th-Century wall collapsed without warning in a well-visited area, near the Emperor Tiberius' palace. The collapse prompted officials to investigate the stability of the hill and its monuments. The Palatine is honeycombed with cavities -- the result of centuries of tunnelling and digging.

Instead of demolishing homes and palaces the Romans built on top of them. So while the structures may look solid from above, below they rest on shaky foundations. So dangerous have some of the structures become that now less than half of the Palatine Hill is open to the public.

"It is a gigantic challenge to look after Roman monuments," says the British archaeologist Andrew Wallace-Hadrill. "The Palatine Hill was completely reshaped in antiquity. Part of the hill was cut away and these enormous concrete structures built in its place. The great news is that the Romans built far more solidly than we do today -- can we think of a modern structure that would survive 2,000 years of abandonment and neglect -- but if you allow the land to slide under its feet, it will crack and eventually fall down."

RAVAGES OF WEATHER

One of the big problems is global warming. The climate is changing. From time to time, the city is deluged with water from freak rainstorms. Water that seeps into the caverns further erodes the foundations of the hill. Experts say they were considering restoring the ancient Roman sewers to help drain away that rainwater.

The architect in charge of the Colosseum, Piero Meogrossi, tells me he has the technology to study the foundations of the hill and relatively cheap ways of repairing the cracks above. But he, like everyone else, has limited funding. In fact, Mr Meogrossi tells me he gets just 500,000 euros (£ 340,000; $ 646,000) to protect the Colosseum. It is barely enough to pay the running repairs. This budget is spread thinner as archaeologists continue to dig up more treasure.

NEW DISCOVERIES

Mr Wallace-Hadrill takes me to one of the latest excavations, inside the Roman Forum, led by the Italian archaeologist Andrea Carandini. "The more you dig, the more problems you create," he says. "But if you want tourists to keep coming, you have to offer them some novelty.

"The fact that Andrea is excavating here is great news. He is digging up the houses of the first kings of Rome. It's fascinating stuff. But it's incredibly complicated -- and sometimes the only way to protect what you have discovered is to back-fill -- to fill it back up with earth again."

There are some things though you just cannot back-fill. These include the Domus Aurea - Nero's Golden Palace, part of which has recently been restored and reopened to the public. The ceilings were once covered with gold, ivory and pearls. Its frescoed halls and winding passageways, mostly underground, were preserved thanks to the Emperor Trajan, who buried Nero's megalomania under the foundations of his own sprawling bath complex. But since the Domus Aurea was opened to the elements, it has become so unstable that only a small section is safe to view.

FRAGILE STRUCTURE

We are taken behind the public barriers to areas where groundwater is seeping through the huge vaulted ceilings. Areas have been closed because the engineers cannot guarantee the structure is stable. So fragile is the structure that many of the rooms are now cocooned in scaffolding. With money the archaeologists could waterproof from above, but most of the budget they are given is spent trying to protect the mosaic and the frescoes inside.

There are hi-tech probes to measure humidity and the direction of the wind. But while the experts try to control the moisture inside, the workmen are employed in a constant battle to remove the moss and algae growing over what is left of the gold-covered ceilings.

"In my view," says Mr Wallace-Hadrill, "the government has to find a better way of investing the profits they get from tourism. It is a major industry here in Italy, which ripples throughout the economy. They have to find a way of ploughing back the taxes and the profits to preserve this culture. It's very difficult for a modern government to convince itself that culture matters. But you don't have to think about it very long to see that it does. It's tourism, stupid. It's the economy!"